Fuel-oil burner.



Patented Apr. 17, 1917.

2 SHEETS-'SHEET l.

IN V EN TOR. E@ WQ/:

A TTORNE Y E. W. TUCKER.

FUEL OIL BURNER. APPLlcATIoN F'ILED Aue.13, 191'2. 1,223,301..

W I TNESSES E. W. TUCKER.

FUEL OIL BURNER. APPLICATION FILED AuG.13. 1912.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

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.6. JMU/22; y 441222.21552 v ATTORNEY.

EDWIN W. TUCKER, or SAN EnANcIsco, CALIFORNIA'. v

FUEL-OIL BURNER.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application led August 13, 1912. Serial No'. 714,935.

To all 'whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, EDWIN W. TUCKER, a citizen of the United States, and a resident of the city and county of San Francisco, State of California, have invented new and useful Improvements in Fuel-OilBurners,

of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in fuel oil burners, and consists in the novel construction and arrangement of the parts.

The object of the invention is to mechanically atomize liquid fuel by pressure in such a manner that it is readily combustiblel in the presence of free air.

In the accomplishment of this object the invention consists in the combination and arrangement of mechanical elements confined within the barrel of theburner; by means of which liquid fuel under high pressure is progressively divided and subdivided into particles until a high state of atomizaton is attained, as the particles escapefrom the burner tip. A further object ofthe invention is to give the escaping particles a whirling or vortical motion whereby a' symmetrical flameis maintained.

The process of atomization accomplished by this invention is distinct from the atomization of fuel oils by the introduction of live steam or compressed air into the oil conduit or burner, before or at the time of its ejection'from the burner tip. The results are similar in either instance, with the exception of certain chemical eects that might result with the use of steam under pressure. In the present invention the result is accomplished much more economically by eliminating air compressors or steam generators, substituting therefor more simple and economical pumps.-

The invention will`be hereinafter fully set 4forth and particularly pointed out in the claims..

Attention is directed to my United States Patent No. 97 5,482, issued November 1 5, 1910, covering the form of'burner tip illustrated in combination with the other elements of this invention.

In the drawings.:

Figure 1 is a longitudinal cross section of a fuel oil burner, constructed in accordance With this invention, certain of the parts be-v ing shown in elevation better to 'disclose their construction.

Fig. 2 is a detail longitudinal sectional View illustrating a slight modification.

3 is a side elevation of the fuel con. trol, mechanism Withdrawn from the burner.

' Patented Apr. 17,1917.

Fig. 4 is an end elevation detail looking at the front of the burner tip.

Fig. 5 4is a similar view looking into the Fig. 6 is a cross section of the same.V

Fig.,7 is a cross section of a modified form.

of tip adapted to mold the flame and aid in maintaining its symmetry.

Fig. 8 is a longitudinal cross section of a fuel oil burner of a modified form with the atomizing mechanism shown in section; Athe adjustable mechanisms controlling the volume of fuel being omitted from this combinozzle or it may be ,attached to the end of the nozzle 3 by the sleeve 5., as indicated at 4.a, Fig. 2. The distributing head 1 is di vided by the wall 6 forming the passages 7 and 8. The fuel oil service pipe 9 communicates With the passage 7.

The fuel oil is regulated and controlled by the assemblagel illustrated in Fig. 3 which consists of the plug having the threaded portion 10 adapted to be screwed into the .di-

viding wall 6 of the head 1. The shoulder 11 compresses the gasket 12'against the end of the neck 13 to form an hermetic seal. The squared portion 14 is provided as a wrench hold. The internal chamber 16 communicates with passage 7 through ports'l.v The oil conduit 17 passes through the gland 18V screwed into the end of the plug to compress thel packing 19 to form a stuffing box around v the tube 1.7. Thiswconduit extends through the .chamber 16 and is fixed on `the end of the threaded stem 20 which is provided with the 'squared lportion .21 that is confined within the squared bore of the insert plug 22. The stem 20 is screwed into the sleeve.

23. The sleeve 23 is provided with the enlarged head 24 adapted to abut the rinsert y plug 22. The sleeve 23 passes through the gland 25 screwed into the neck 26 of the plug, and is adapted to compress the packing 27 against the gland ring 28 to forma stuffing boX around the stem 23 to pack the same and prevent its longitudinal displacement. The sleeve is provided with the handle 29 by which it is rotated to advance or retract the threaded stem 20 and the ports attached thereto.

The atomizing head comprises the threaded portion 30 secured on to the conduit 17, the cross rilied portion 3l, and the spirally grooved portion 32. 'lhe atomizing tip 4 is spaced from said head and slidingly mounted in nozzle 3, as illustrated in Fig. 1, the diametrically reduced part between portions 31 and 32 forming expansion spaces within the nozzle. rlhe spiral grooves 34 terminate at graduated distances from the end of a head 32, the bore of the nozzle 3 being enlarged to accommodate said head. The function of this arrangement is to bring the terminals of the grooves 34 free of the bore of the nozzle 3, serz'atz'm whereby the volume of fuel is increased as the atomizing head is advanced, and vice versa.

Particular stress is placed upon the speciic construction of the atomizing tip 4 or 4, as the case may be. Attention is directed to the hemispherical interior of the tip and the external concave bevel of the centrally disposed discharge opening 35. lt is essential that this hole have a knife like cutting edge to cause the diusion of the mechanically atomized fuel spewing from the tip as hereinafter more fully described.

lln, operation the burner is placed in the furnace front projecting the proper distance within the fire boX. rl`he fuel pipe 9 is attached to the head l and controlled by the valve 36. The fuel introduced into the passage Z passes through the opening 15 into the chamber 16 and through the openings 37 into the tube 33 from whence it emerges through the openings 39 into the tubular member 2. The pressure behind the fuel is determined by the temperature viscosity or the mobility of the fuel. Velocity of the fuel is the prime requisite for the proper operation of this burner. In passing through the reverse spirals cut in the head 31, the bisecting streams of oil meeting at high velocity are cut or nebulized into globules or finely divided particles of fuel.

From the chamber 41 the fuel spews forth in the form of spray, hemispheroidal in contour, being molded by centrifugal force and natural expansion. It is at this point that thepknife-like edge of the hole 35 performs its function. If this hole had any appreciable depth therewould be a tendency to condense the fuel particles by the back pressure due to the resistance of passing through such a restricted Opening, but

flame into the desired shape.

by providing the knife edge, a more perfect spraying of the oil is accomplished. The size of the hole 35 is proportioned to the pressure behind the fuel, so that the fuel is spewed (never squirted) from the tip. For internally fired boilers such as marine boilers, or those having a long cylindrical fire box, the burner should terminate as illustrated in Fig. 2, so that ignition may take place at the tip 4a, the annular tulip shaped flame being best in this instance.

rlhe annular grooves 46 cut in the external concavity of the tip 4b7 illustrated in Fig. 7, materially aid in the lateral spread of the flame. rl"he partial vacuum created in these grooves by the aspiring effect of the flame spreads the flame laterally increasing its area and improving oxidation. If other conditions are right the flame given off by this externally grooved tip is cleaner, hotter and better diffused.

Variations in the construction of the fire box call for consistent variations in the shape and volume of the flame. With this necessity in view, various supplementary tips can be combined with the present invention. Fig. 1 illustrates a tip adapted to convert the spheroidal spray spewing 9 from the tip 4 into a flat fan shaped ame adapted to be didused into an angular re box. lThis supplemental tip consists of a continuation 42 of the nozzle 3 having the transverse tip 43 provided with the internally beveled slot 44, adapted to mold the It is obvious that by this combination various shapes of ame can be attained by the substitution of tips having suitably shaped slots 44.

The sleeve 23 rotatably fixed in the base of the burner as described has a threaded engagement with the stem 20, which in turn isv connected to the slidable part of the fuel conduit. Rotating the sleeve 23 to the left causes it to draw the stem 20 into it, this reti-acts the head 32 drawing it into the bore 110 of the nozzle 3 cutting off all the exits of the grooves 34 stopping or regulating the volume of fuel issuing into the tip 4. Rotating the sleeve 23 in the opposite direction advances the head 32, progressively uncovering the exits of the grooves 34 and very gradually increasing the volume of fuel admitted to the tip.

The entire fuel control combination is easily withdrawn from the .burner by placing a Wrench on the portion 14 unscrewing the plug from the head 1. This facilitates cleaning, without shutting down the burner more than a few seconds, as a reserve atomizing element can be immediately substituted.

The distributing head 1 is provided with the threaded neck 45 communicating with the passage 8. This provides a means for coupling a steam or compressed air service pipe to the burner. vThe object being to facilitate the conversion of the burner from the high pressure type forming the subject of this invention to the conventional low pressure type in whichl the fuel is atomized by the direct admission of steam or compressed air to the burner; This .is a5 substantial advantage particularly 'in :marine Work, Where an accident to the high prestangentially so vas to give the escaping fuel a whirling or vortical 'motion as it discharges into thespace 4:1. l

The functioning of themodified form of burner is similar in every respect with the exception ofthe specific manner of controlling the volume of fueldischarged from the burner.` In the'modiiied form the volume is controlled, by the valve 36.

Having thus described this invention, what is claimed' and desired to be secured by Letters Patent is: I

1. An oil lburner comprising a distributing head, a tubular body fixed` in the head, a

nozzle fixed on said tubular body, a plug v removably xed in said distributing head, a fuel conduit slidable Within said plug, a sleeve rotatably fixed in the plug and having threaded'engagement with the fuel conduit, an vatomizing head fixed on the fuel conduit and-slidable Within said nozzle, said atomizing head being of less diameter than the said. plug; an atomizing tip xed to the nozzle and a ,fuel chamber in the said distributing head communicating through the fuel conduit with the tubular body.

2. Ariy oil burner comprising a, tubular body having a nozzle at one end, 'a distributing head at the other end, said distributing head having a dividing Wall, a plug extending through said Wall, and provided with an internal chamber communicating with ythe distributing head, a fuel conduit extending through said plug and communicating With the Lchamber and the interior of said tubular body, means for imparting longitudinal movement to said fuel' conduit, an

atomizing fhead fixed upon the fuel conduit and slidable Within said nozzle, said head having external means for breaking the oil into finely divided particles and an atomizing tip secured to `said nozzle.

3. An oil burner comprising a distributing head,'a tubular body fixed at one end in said head and provided with a nozzle at the other end, an atomizing tip secured to said nozzle and having an opening provided with being provided With spiral grooves terminating at graduated distances from the outer end thereof, and means for adjusting said fuel conduit.

l. 4. An oil burner comprising an atomizmg j element consisting of a plug, a sleeve rotatably lsecured in said plug, a stuffing box surrounding the sleeve, a stem threaded into the. sleeve, and having a squared portion engaging a square opening in the plug, a fuel conduit fixed onfsaidstem and slidable through said plug; an atomizing head fixed on the fuel conduit, in combination With a distributing head having a dividing Wall, an opening in thev dividing Wall, engaged by the said plug; openings in said plug communicating with the distributing head; a tubular body fixed in the distributing head; a nozzle fixedv on the 'tubular body and surrounding the atomizing head; an

atomizing tip fixed to the nozzle and having j Within the lbody providedl with means for supplying fuel to the interi'orof said body,

an atomizer head Secured to the fuel conduit vand filling the/bore of said nozzle, said head havingp eripheral grooves cut therein for nebulizing the fuel oil,said head being slidable Within said nozzle, means for ad justing said fuel conduit to effect an adjustment of said head, an atomizing tip secured to said nozzle and having an opening with a beveled cutting edge, and flame molding means cooperating With said openmg. j 6. An oil burner comprising a tubular body having a nozzle, a fuel conduit Within the tubular body and provided With means for discharging fuel oil Within said body, an atomizing head secured to the fuel conduit, and slidable Within the nozzle, said head having peripheral grooves cut therein to nebulize oil passing around said head, an atomizing tip secured to said nozzle and having an opening with a beveled cutting edge, and means for adjusting the fuel conduit to effect adjustment of said atomizing head.

7. An voil burner comprising a tubular body having a nozzle, an oil conduit therein and provided with meansfor discharging fuel cil Within said body, an atomizing head fixed on the oil conduit Within the nozzle, and having external means for nebulizing the oil, and an atomizing tip secured to the nozzle and having an opening beveled to a cutting edge, and means for adjusting said oil conduit to effect adjustment of said atomizing head.

8. An oil burner having a recessed tubular body having a nozzle; an atomizing head slidable in the nozzle, and havin a cross rified portion, a reduced portion, and grooves terminating graduated distances Ifrom the end of said head; and a tip having a central opening, a hemispheroidal internal bore and an external concavity, the axis of each meeting at the central opening.

9. An oil burner comprising a tubular body having a nozzle, an oil conduit positioned to discharge oil into said body, an atomizing tip attached to said conduit and having a central opening; a` hemispheroidal internal bore, and an external concavity the axis of each meeting at the said central opening, and a series of angular grooves cut in the face of said external concavity, said grooves acting under the aspiring eect of the flame to create a vacuum to spread the flame.

10. An oil burner comprising a tubular body having a nozzle, an oil conduit positioned to discharge oil into said body, an atomizing tip attached to said conduit and forming a central opening beveled to a thin edge, an external concavity With its axis at said ofpening and angular grooves in the face o said external concavity, said grooves acting under the aspiring effect of the flame to create a vacuum to spread the flame.

l1. An oil burner comprising a tubular body having a nozzle, an oil conduit positioned to discharge oil into said body, an atomizing tip attached to said conduit and having a concavity adjacent to its opening and angular grooves formed in said concavity, said grooves acting under the aspiring effect of the iame to create a vacuun to spread the flame.

12. An oil burner comprising a tubular body provided with a nozzle, a fuel pipe provided with means for -discharging fuel oil Within said tubular body, and an atomizing head attached to said fuel pipe and closing said nozzle, said head having grooves, the outer ends of which terminate graduated distances from the outer end of said head.

EDWIN W. TUCKER.

Witnesses:

J. E. TUCKER, E. W. TUCKER, Jr. 

